We live in an era that scholars call ‘anthropocene’, stressing the crucial role of human activity in biospherical and geological changes. A transition is also happening towards a qualitatively different state of the civilisation. Increasing globalisation and the opposite movement of preserving national identity, a strong increase in the complexity in the ecological, technological, and social areas — an artificial world that increasingly separates man from nature — along with unprecedented pressure on the biosphere by civilisation, all challenge humanity to select the only option that can ensure the preservation and development of civilisation. However, the structure of our knowledge does not correspond with the depth and importance of the challenges that face humanity.